Abolghasemi, A. Kiamarsi, A. Momeni, S. (2013). Comparison of the Temperament and character Dimensions in drug addicts and non-addict. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, (27), 125-136. [In Persian].
Alegría, A.A., Hasin, D,S., Nunes, E,V., Liu, S.M., Davies, C., & Grant, B.F. (2011). Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and substance use disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(9), 1187-95.
Ali Mohammadi, A.H. Sheybani Noghabi, F. Zahedi Tajrishi, K. (2012). Comparison of character- temperament characteristics among addicted, depressed and anxious with normal. knowledge and research in applied psychology, 13 (4), 51-60. [In Persian].
Arnau, M., Mondon, S., & Santacreu, J. (2008). Using the temperament and character inventory (TCI) to predict outcome after inpatient detoxification during 100 days of outpatient treatment. Alcohol Alcohol. 43(5):583-8.
Bahadori Khosroshahi, J. Hashemi Nosrat Abad, T. Babapour Khairiddin, J. (2012). The Relationship of Psychological Capital with Social Capital of Students of Tabriz University. Journal of Research and Health Research Center for Social Development and Health Promotion of Gonabad, 2 (1), p. 4. [In Persian].
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An genetic perspective, Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 1-26.
Biederman, J., Petty, C.R., Dolan, C., Hughes, S., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M.C., Faraone, S.V. (2008). The longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder in ADHD boys: finding from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 38 (7), 1027-1035.
Bondy, S. J. (1996). Overview of studies on drinking patterns and consequences. Addiction, 91, 1663–1674.
Botvin, G.J. & Griffin, K.W. (2004). Life Skills Training: Empirical Findings and Future Directions. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(2), 211-232.
Botvin. J, G., (2000). Preventing drug abuse in schools: social and competence enhancement approaches targeting individual- level etiological factors. Addictive Behavior, 25.887-897.
Caldwell, RM. Silver, NC. Strada, M. (2010). Substance Abuse, Familial Factors, and Mental Health: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Group Differences Among African American, Caucasian, and ). Hispanic Juvenile Offenders. Am J Fam Ther, 38: 310-321.
Cea, N. F., & Barnes, G. E. (2015). The development of Addiction-Prone Personality traits in biological and adoptive families. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 107-113.
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. (2001). Science-based Substance Abuse Prevention. Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Genetic Psychiatry, 44(6), 573-88.
Cloninger, C. R. (2006). The science of well-being: an integrated approach to mental health and its disorders. World psychiatry, 5(2), 71-76.
Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., Skinner, J. B., Frone, M. R., & Mudar, P. (2002). Stress and alcohol use: Moderating effects of gender, coping, and alcohol expectancies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 139–152.
Dermody, S.S., Cheong,J.,& Munuck, S. (2013). An evaluation of the stress negative affect model in explaining alcohol use. The role of components of negative affect and coping style. Substance use & Misuse. 48,297-308.
Didarloo, A., & Pourali, R. (2016). University Students’ Views Regarding Reasons for Drug Abuse Among Youths. International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction, 5(1), 1-2. DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.24778.
Evren, C., Evren, B. Yancar, C. & Erkiran, M. (2007). Temperament and Character Model of Personality Profile of Alcohol- and Drug-Dependent Inpatients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 283– 288.
Fayazi, S., Rokhafroz, D., Gheibizadeh, M., Hakim, A., & Sayadi, N. (2015). Personal, Familial, and Social Factors Contributing to Addiction Relapse, Ahvaz, Iran. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research, 6(3). 11-15.
Felker, S. E. (2011). Protective factors against alcohol abuse in college students: Spirituality, wisdom, and self-transcendence. PhD Thesis, Colorado State University Fort Collins.
Fish, J.N., Maier, C.A., & Priest, J.B. (2015). Substance abuse treatment response in a Latino sample: the influence of family conflict. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 49,27-34.
Franques, P. Auriacombe, M. & Tignol, J. (2000). Addiction and personality. Encephale, 26, 68-78.
Ghanbari Zarandi, Z. Mohammad Khani, Sh. Hasheminasab, M. (2016). Structural Model of Substances Use in Adolescents: Direct and Indirect Role of Individual, Psychological, Family, and Social Factors. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, 38, 87-102. [In Persian].
Glantz, Mayer. D. & Hartel. Christine. R. (2002) «Drug Abuse (Origins & Interventions)». Washington. D.C. American Psychological Association Washington. D.C.
Ghobadpour, S. Tajery, B. & Moghaddamzadeh, A. (2015). The Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Learning on Shelter and Attitude of Authors to Matt-Amphetamine. Psychological methods and models, (22), 17-34. [In Persian].
Haghshenas, M. Gholamali Lavasani, M. Fath-Abadi, J. (2017). Comparison of Behavioral Activation / Inhibitory System and Characteristics of temperament and character in Substance Abuse and Non-Subjects. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, 11 (41). [In Persian].
Harakeh, Z., & Vollebergh, W. A. (2012). The impact of active and passive peer influence on young adult smoking: An experimental study, Drug and alcohol dependence, 121(3), 220-223.
JahanShahloo, M. Mohammad Khani, Sh. Amiri, H. Fakhari, A. Hosseini, S. (2016). Risk Factors and Protective Personal, Family and Social Attitudes toward Consumption of Substances in Students. Social Health Journal of Social Factors Research Center on Health, No. 2, 127-137. [In Persian].
Javadi, R. Aghabakhshi, H. Rafiei, H. Asgari, A. Baian Meamar, A. Abdi Zarrin, S. (2011). Relationship between family functioning and resilience to drug use in high risk male high school students, Journal of Social Welfare Research, 11 (40), 421-444. [In Persian].
Jessor, R. & Jessor, S.L.(1997). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A Longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press.
Kaviani, H. (2007). Biological Personality Theory. Tehran: Mehr Kavian. [In Persian].
Kenney, M.F.; Hansen, W.B.; McNeal, R.B. (2000). Comparison of Postulated Mediators of School-Based Substance Use Prevention in Adolescents: A longitudinal Examination. National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Khalili, A. (2007). Addiction factors. Pars Oil Monthly, 14 (46), 42-46. [In Persian].
Killc, U. P. M., & Kabasakal, Z. T. (2015). The Relationship between Family Functioning and Psychological Symptomatology in Married Couples. The Online Journal of Counseling and Education, 4(2), 68-80.
Kolahi Hameed, S. Ahmadi, E. Shalchi, B. (2017). Explaining the tendency toward Substances use based on wisdom and self-confidence. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, 11 (44), 43-58. [In Persian].
Le Bon, O., Basiaux, P., Streel, E., Tecco, J., Hanaka, C., & Hansenne. M. (2004). Personality profile and drug of choice; A multivariate analysis using Cloninger’s TCI on heroin addicts, alcoholics, and a random population group. Drug Alcohol Depend, 73(2), 175-82.
Leventhal, A.M., Waters, A. J., Boyd, S., Moolchan, E. T., Heishman, S. J., Lerman, C., & Pickworth, W.B. (2007). Associations between Cloninger's temperament dimensions and acute tobacco withdrawal. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 2976–2989.
Lezzin, N. Rolleri. L.A. & Taylor .J. (2004). Parent-child connectedness: implication for research, intervention, and positive impacts on adolescent health. ERT Associates.
Luthans F, Avolio BJ. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Pers Psychol; 6:138-146.
Mohamadkhani, Sh. (2007). Structural model of drug use in adolescents at risk: Assess the direct and indirect effects of individual and social factors. Research in Psychological Health. 2:5-17. [In Persian].
Mohammadi, A. Aghajani, M. Zahtabur, Gh.H. (2011). Relationship between addiction, vitality and emotional components. Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology of iran, 17 (2), 136-142. [In Persian].
Mohammadi, A. Pourghaz, A.W. Raghib, M.S. (2013). Making and validating the scale of the causes of drug abuse in young people (Case study of Khorasan Razavi province), Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, (26), 79-93. [In Persian].
Mohammadkhani, Sh. (2006). Structural Model of Substance Usage in Adolescents at Risk: An Assessment of the Effect of Life Skills Training on mediators of drug use. PhD thesis, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Narenjiha, H. (2015). 44 Youth Young Beliefs about Addiction. Tehran: Publications of Medicine and Society. [In Persian].
Okamato, S. et al. (2010).Community risk and resiliency factors related to drug use at rural area.
Orki, M. Makrie, A. KiaieZiberi, S.M. (2013). The relationship between Crystal craving (methamphetamine) and personality traits in methadone maintenance recipients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 19 (3), 177-186. [In Persian].
Oshino, S., Suzuki, A., Ishii, G., Otani, K., (2007). Influences of parental rearing on the personality traits of healthy Japanese. Comprehensive Psychiatry 48, 465-469.
Reed, P. G. (2008). Theory of self-transcendence. In Smith MJ and Liehr PR editors. Middle Range Theory for Nursing. 2nd edition. New York.
Reti, I.M., Samuels, J.F., Eaton, W.W., Bienvenu, O.J., Costa, P.T., Nestadt, G., (2002). Influences of parenting on normal personality traits. Psychiatry Research, 111,55-64.
Rohsenow, D.J., Monti, P.M., Zwich, W.R., Nierenberg, T.D., Liepman, M.R., Binkoff, J.A., Abrams, D.B. (1989). Irrational beliefs, urges to drinking among alcoholics. Journal of studies on alcohol, 50 (5), 461-465.
Saduk, B. Saduk, V. (2007). Summary of psychiatry. Tehran: city of Aab. (Translated by Nasratullah Pourfakheri, date of publication in the original language of 2003). [In Persian].
Sánchez-Queija, I., Oliva, A., Parra, A., & Camacho, C. (2016). Longitudinal Analysis of the Role of Family Functioning in Substance Use. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 232-240.
Sanzo, M. (2009). A psychometric assessment of self-transcendence. PhD Thesis Alliant International University.
Schiffer. A., Pedersen. S., Broers. H., Widdershoven. J., & Denollet J. (2008). Type-D personality but not depression predicts severity of anxiety in heart failure patients at 1-year follow-up. Journal of Affect Disorder, 106(1-2), 73-81.
Şenormancı, Ö., Şenormancı, G., Güçlü, O., & Konkan, R. (2014). Attachment and family functioning in patients with internet addiction. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 203-207.
Simons, R. L. & Robertson, J. F. (1989). The impact of parenting factors, deviant peers, and coping style in the etiology of adolescent drug use, Family Relations, 38, 273-281.
Sloan, F. A., Costanzo, P. R., Belsky, D., Holmberg, E., Malone, P. S., Wang, Y., & Kertesz, S. (2011). Heavy drinking in early adulthood and outcomes at midlife. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 65, 600–605.
Taj Addini, U. (2017). Pathology and recognition of the role of NGOs in the process of social protection and protection of improved addicts. Drug Headquarters Research and Training Center. [In Persian].
Takeuchi, M.S., Miyaoka, H., Suzuki, M., Tomoda, A., Yokoo, A.I., Tsutsumida, R., Kitamura, T., (2011). The relationship of temperament and character dimensions to perceived parenting styles in childhood: A study of a Japanese university student population. The Open Family Studies Journal 4, 9-14.
Taylor, S.E., Way, B.M., Seeman, T.E., (2011). Early adversity and adult health outcomes. Development and Psychopathology 23, 939-954.
Turner, R. A., Irwin Jr, C. E., & Millstein, S. G. (2014). Family structure, family processes, and experimenting with substances during adolescence, Risks and Problem Behaviors in Adolescence, 1(1l), 229.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2015). Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/
Venter, H. J. (2012). Maslow’s self-transcendence: How it can enrich organization culture and leadership. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 2(7), 64-71.
Zuckerman, M., (1993). P-impulsive sensation seeking and it's behavioral, psychophysiological and biochemical correlates. NeuroPsychobiology , 28, 30-36.