ارائه مدل روابط ساختاری نگرش‌های ناکارآمد و هوش معنوی با اضطراب کرونا از راه میانجی‌گری سرسختی روان‌شناختی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)، قم، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه مدل روابط ساختاری نگرش‌های ناکارآمد و هوش معنوی با اضطراب کرونا از راه میانجی‌گری سرسختی روان‌شناختی صورت پذیرفت.
روش: روش پژوهش، همبستگی از نوع تحلیل مسیر بود. جامعه‌ی این پژوهش شامل تمامی دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی مرکز آموزش عالی پلدختر در سال تحصیلی 400-1399 بود. حجم نمونه آماری بر اساس قاعده سرانگشتی کلاین برابر 210 نفر تعیین شد که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس و با پرسشنامه آنلاین انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش مقیاس اضطراب بیماری کرونا ویروس (CDAS)، مقیاس نگرش‌های ناکارآمد (DAS)، مقیاس خودارزیابی هوش معنوی (SISRI) و مقیاس سرسختی لانگ و گولت (LGHS) بود. تحلیل داده‌ها به روش آماری تحلیل مسیر و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای آماری SPSS-22 و AMOS-24 انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که نگرش‌های ناکارآمد و سرسختی روان‌شناختی بر اضطراب کرونا اثرمستقیم دارند (01/0>p)؛ اما هوش معنوی اثرمستقیم بر اضطراب کرونا نداشت (05/0<p). همچنین، بر اساس یافته‌ها این پژوهش، مدل اصلاح شده از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار بود (03/0=RMSEA، 99/0=GFI، 97/0=AGFI، 99/0=CFI، 22/1=X2/df) و مسیرهای غیرمستقیم نگرش‌های ناکارآمد و هوش معنوی از راه نقش میانجی سرسختی روان‌شناختی بر اضطراب کرونا معنادار بودند (01/0>p).
نتیجه‌گیری: نگرش‌های ناکارآمد هم‌ به طور مستقیم و هم ‌به واسطه سرسختی روان‌شناختی بر اضطراب کرونا موثر بود؛ اما هوش معنوی فقط با واسطه‌گری سرسختی روان‌شناختی باعث کاهش اضطراب کرونا می‌شد. به نظر می‌رسد توجه به مدل ارائه شده، در برنامه درمانی و مشاوره‌ای دانشجویان مفید خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The of structural relationship model between dysfunctional attitudes and spiritual intelligence with corona anxiety through mediation role psychological hardiness

نویسندگان [English]

  • houshang garavand 1
  • Saeideh Sabzian 2
1 Psychology Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Department of Counseling, School of Humanities, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to present a structural relationship model between dysfunctional attitudes and spiritual intelligence with corona anxiety through mediation role psychological hardiness.
Method: The research method was correlation of the type path analysis. The population of this study included all Undergraduate students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample size was determined based on the rules of thumb Kline equal to 210 people, which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI) and Lang and Goulet Hardiness Scale (LGHS). Data analysis was performed using Path analysis statistical method and by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 software.
Results: Findings showed that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological hardiness have a direct effect on corona anxiety (P<0/01); but spiritual intelligence had no direct effect on corona anxiety (p>0.05). Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (X2/2= 1/22, AGFI=0/97, GFI=0/99, CFI=0/99, RMSEA=0/03) and indirect pathways of dysfunctional attitudes and spiritual intelligence were significant through mediating role of psychological hardiness on corona anxiety.
Conclusion: Dysfunctional attitudes were effective both directly and through psychological hardiness on corona anxiety; but spiritual intelligence could only reduce the anxiety of Corona through the mediation of psychological hardiness. It seems that paying attention to the presented model will be useful in the treatment program and counseling of students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dysfunctional attitudes
  • spiritual intelligence
  • psychological hardiness
  • corona anxiety
  1. Xiao, C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry investigation, 17(2), 175-176.
  2. Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102076.
  3. Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The lancet psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229.
  4. Blanco, C., Okuda, M., Wright, C., Hasin, D. S., Grant, B. F., Liu, S.-M., & Olfson, M. (2008). Mental health of college students and their non–college-attending peers: results from the national epidemiologic study on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of general psychiatry, 65(12), 1429-1437.
  5. Abdolmaleki, A., & Goodarzi, K. (2020). The effect of treatment-based summoning of thoughts and assumptions in reducing cognitive distortions female students. Journal of Motor and Behavioral Sciences, 3(3), 321-328.
  6. Desai Rahul, B. (2017). Psychological Hardiness among College Students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 79-84.
  7. Vagni, M., Maiorano, T., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020). Hardiness, stress and secondary trauma in Italian healthcare and emergency workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 12(14), 5592.
  8. Reknes, I., Harris, A., & Einarsen, S. (2018). The role of hardiness in the bullying–mental health relationship. Occupational medicine, 68(1), 64-66.
  9. Shams, S. (2021). Predicting coronavirus anxiety based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, anxiety sensitivity, and psychological hardiness in nurses. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management, 10(2), 25-36. (Persian)
  10. Amirfakhraei, A., Masoumifard, M., Esmaeilishad, B., DashtBozorgi, Z., & Baseri, L. D. (2020). Prediction of corona virus anxiety based on health concern, psychological hardiness, and positive meta-emotion in diabetic patients. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 8(2), 1072-1083. (Persian)
  11. A'zami, Y., Doostian, Y., Mo'tamedi, A., Massah, O., & Heydari, N. (2015). Dysfunctional attitudes and coping strategies in substance dependent and healthy individuals. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 13(1), 55-51. (Persian)
  12. Fonseca, A., & Canavarro, M. C. (2018). Exploring the paths between dysfunctional attitudes towards motherhood and postpartum depressive symptoms: The moderating role of self‐compassion. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 25(1), e96-e106.
  13. Kërqeli, A., Kelpi, M., & Tsigilis, N. (2013). Dysfunctional attitudes and their effect on depression. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 196-204.
  14. Sharifian, M., Jandaghi, F., Masjedi, M. N., & Azizi, S. (2020). Investigating the mediating role of spiritual health in the relationship between irrational beliefs and dysfunctional attitudes with psychological well-being in women with Multiple Sclerosis through a structural equation modeling approach. Journal of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education Volume, 4(2), 49-64. (Persian)
  15. Zohar, D. & Marshall, I. (2000). SQ: Spiritual intelligence, the ultimate intelligence. London: Bloomsbury
  16. King, D. B. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, and measure (Master’s thesis). Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
  17. Asgari, S., & Shafiee, H. (2017). Prediction of elderly quality of life based on internal coherence, mindfulness and spiritual intelligence. Positive Psychology Research, 3(3), 61-74.
  18. Ramezani, T., Bagherian, S., & Baneshi, M. (2021). The Role of Spiritual Intelligence and Identity Styles in Predicting Psychological Hardiness of Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, 8(1), 597-605. (Persian)
  19. Shahsavar, R., Ghaffari, M., & Makhtoum Nejhad, R. (2018). Mediating role of psychological hardiness and perceived social support on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and happiness in the elderly women. Journal of Gerontology, 2(4), 11-21. (Persian)
  20. Darvishzadeh, K., & Bozorgidashti, Z. (2017). Relationship between the resilience and psychological hardiness with the spiritual intelligence in a sample of female students. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 8(1), 222-226. (Persian)
  21. Ebrahimi, A., Kalantari, M., Molavi, H., & Asadollahi, G. (2008). Contributions of dysfunctional attitude scale and general health subscales to prediction and odds ratio of depression. Journal of Shahrekord University of medical sciences, 9(4), 52-58. (Persian)
  22. Imani, S., Alkhaleel, Y., & Shokri, O. (2019). The relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and social anxiety disorder in adolescents (students): the mediating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 16(33), 1-28. (Persian)
  23. Rastravesh, A., & Mohammadi, I. (2020). The role of ineffective attitudes and academic self-concept in predicting students' test anxiety. Journal of School Psychology, 8(4), 77-91. (Persian)
  24. Jia, T., Cao, L., Ye, X., Wei, Q., Xie, W., Cai, C., . . . Wang, K. (2020). Difference in binocular rivalry rate between major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioural Brain Research, 391, 112704.
  25. Hebert, E. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2019). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: Challenging the unknown in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 26(2), 421-436.
  26. Mohammadipour, M., Afzood, A., & Zolfaghari, S. (2021). The role of spiritual intelligence and distress tolerance on coronavirus anxiety in students. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 8(2), 95-102. (Persian)
  27. Houshyari, j., & Alipour, A. (2020).  The mediating role of expectancy in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and corona disease anxiety. Islamic Psychological Research, 3 (1), 59-74. (Persian)
  28. Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of educational research, 99(6), 323-338.
  29. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: New York: Guilford publications.
  30. Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464-494.
  31. Nathan, G. (2003). Methodologies for internet surveys and other telesurveys. Paper presented at the Proceedings of Exchange of Technology and Know-how and the Fourth New Techniques and Technologies for Statistics (NTTS) Seminar, Crete, Greece.
  32. Alipour, A., Ghadami, A., Alipour, Z., & Abdollahzadeh, H. (2020). Preliminary validation of the corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology's, 8 (32), 163-175. (Persian)
  33. Lang, A., Goulet, C., & Amsel, R. (2003). Lang and Goulet hardiness scale: Development and testing on bereaved parents following the death of their fetus/infant. Death Studies, 27(10), 851-880.
  34. Roshan, R., & Shakeri, R. (2010). The study of the validity and reliability of hardiness scale for university students. Biannual Peer Review Journal of Clinical Psychology & Personality, 17 (40), 35-52. (Persian)
  35. Weitzman, E. R. (2004). Poor mental health, depression, and associations with alcohol consumption, harm, and abuse in a national sample of young adults in college. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(4), 269-277.
  36. Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Steer, R. A., & Weissman, A. N. (1991). Factor analysis of the dysfunctional attitude scale in a clinical population. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 478-483.
  37. Ebrahimi, A., & Moosavi, S. G. (2013). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-26 items: factor structure, reliability and validity in Psychiatric outpatients. Scientific journal of Ilam University of medical sciences, 21(5), 20-28. (Persian)
  38. Raghib, M., Siadat, A., Hakiminya, B., & Ahmadi, J. (2010). The validation of King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI-24) among students at University of Isfahan. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 17(1), 141-164. (Persian)
  39. Ghafari, F. (2008). Hardiness, stress and coping strategies’ in infertile couples. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 10(38), 122-132. (Persian)
  40. Kuroda, Y. (2016). Dysfunctional attitudes lead to depressive symptoms by generating subjective stress. The Journal of psychology, 150(3), 358-370.
  41. Mahdian, Z., & Ghaffari, M. (2016). The mediating role of psychological resilience, and social support on the relationship between spiritual well-being and hope in cancer patients. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 18(3), 130-138. (Persian)
  42. Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F & Emery, G.(1979). Depressogenic assumptions. (Eds.) Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G, Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press 244- 71.
  1. Wang, C.-y., Zhang, K., & Zhang, M. (2017). Dysfunctional attitudes, learned helplessness, and coping styles among men with substance use disorders. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(2), 269-280.