The Experimental Study of Effect of Reflective Thinking based Teaching on Development of Students’ Inquiry based learning of Science Lessons of Elementary Education

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty member of Shiraz University

2 PhD Student Curriculum studies in Shiraz University

Abstract

Aim: Aim of Research was to study the effect of Reflective thinking based teaching on development of Students’ inquiry based learning of science lessons of primary schools. Sampling and sample size: Statistical population included elementary students of Kerman studying in fifth. According to Convenience Sampling method, 46 students of two fifth grade classes in a primary school were selected.
Instruments: Research instruments were “teacher tool box for preschool to eight grade students in science” and two teacher made tests”.
Results: Inquiry based learning level of students who were taught based on reflective thinking was significantly higher than control group.in the fields of using scientific tools and technology, utilizing scientific methods and argument strategies, establishing scientific communication and using scientific concepts and data.
Conclusions: Using reflective thinking teaching, students can obey scientific method in answering and using resources, equipment and technologies and take advantage from all scientific terms and concepts thoughtfully.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdi, A. (2014). The Effect of Inquiry-Based Learning Method on Students' Academic Achievement in Science Course. Universal journal of educational Research, 2(1), 37-41.‏
Abasi sfajir, A. (2015). Inquiry-based school modeling and its empirical test using structural equation modeling with least squares method in schools of Mazandaran province. Journal of Social Cultural Development Studies, 4(3), 157- 182.
Ajit, I., Ramesh, M., Arun, J. (2016). Higher Order Thinking Skills through Online Discount Coupons. Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies. 3, 5(18), 71-74.
Asadian, S., Habibiazar, F. (2013). Investigating the Effectiveness of the Curriculum of Science-based Education with the inqury based Curriculum in the Primary-Research-Based Method. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5(15), 9-23.
Bahrami, N., Siefenaraghi, M., Naderi, E. (2015). Identification of a reflective curriculum based on the views of experts and instructors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 6(2), 1-13.
Bereiter, C.(1994). Schools without education , Newjersey: prentice.Hall.
Bennett, D., Power, A., Thomson, C., Mason, B., Bartleet, B. L. (2016). Reflection for learning, learning for reflection: Developing Indigenous competencies in higher education. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 13(2), 7.
Chong, J.; Chong, M.; Shahrill, M.; Abdullah, N. (2017). Implementing Inquiry-Based Learning and Examining the Effects in Junior College Probability Lessons. Journal on Mathematics Education, 8(2), 157-164.
Chong, M. C. (2009). Is reflective practice a useful task for student nurses?. Asian Nursing Research, 3(3), 111-120.
Dostál, J. (2015). Inquiry-based instruction: Concept, essence, importance and contribution. Olomouc: Palacký University, ISBN 978-80-244-4507-6, doi 10.5507/pdf.15.24445076.
Dewey, J. (1997). How we think. Courier Corporation.
Delandshere , G.(2002). Assessment as inquiry. Teachers College Record, 104(7), 1461 1484.
Dervent, F. (2015). The effect of reflective thinking on the teaching practices of preservice physical education teachers. Issues in Educational Research, 25(3), 260-275.
Erma, W.,  Nasmilah ,Y.,  Abidin, P.(2015). The Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning to Reading Comprehension of EFL Students. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 6 (3), 1067-1071.
Eshratzamani, B., Esfijani, A., Nasrabadi, H. (2008). Comparing Persian textbooks of primary sciences in Iran with attention to different skills in the research process with the United States and England. Journal of curriculum studies, 3(8), 132-155.
Farokhpour, S.,usefaly,H.Mostafapour,E.&Raezazade, M.(2015). On the role of reflective thinking in cooperative learning: an inquiry – based study of Iranian teachers. International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 9(3), 123- 133.
Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2004). Improving adolescent literacy: Strategies at work. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall
Gasque, K.C.G.D. Letramento informacional: pesquisa, reflexão e aprendizagem. Brasília: UnB, 2012. Disponível em: <http:// repositorio.unb.br/bitstream/10482/13025/1/LIVRO_ Letramento_ Informacional.pdf>. Acesso em: 30 abr. 2014.
Ghobadpur,S., Tajeri, B., Moghdamzade, D.(2016). Effectiveness of problem solving skills training on the happiness and attitude of methamphetamine addicts. Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 6(22), 17-34.
- Gravand, H., Kareshki, H.& Ahanchian, M.( 2016). Structural Relationship between Research Self-efficacy, Social Factors and Educational-Research Environment of University with Educational Performance of Postgraduate Students. Journal of Research in School and Virtual Learning, 4(3), 27-48.
Goodman, B., Linton, F., and Gaimari, R. (2016). Encouraging student reflection and articulation using a learning companion: A commentary. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education , 26(1), 474-488.
Haghparast, S.(2015).The Study of the Relationship between Critical Education and Reflective Thinking with the Success of Teaching English Language Teachers. Master's Thesis. Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Shahrekord University.
Haghani, F., Jafari, S., Ehsani, M. (2013).  Reflective Teaching and learning: A review study. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(11), 989-998.
Harlen, V. (2013). A New Approach to Teaching Empirical Science in Elementary Education. Shaheed Saeedi Translation, School Publishing, Tehran.
Harris, M. (2008). Scaffolding reflective journal writing–Negotiating power, play and position. Nurse education today, 28(3), 314-326.‏
Hayati, A., Heydari, & Hasanlu, N. (2015). A Contribution to the Research-Driven Approach in Educational Process with Emphasis on Structural Theory. Second National Conference on Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies.
Hwang, G., YuChiu, L. & Chen, C.(2015). A contextual game-based learning approach to improving students' inquiry-based learning performance in social studies courses. Computers & Education,  81, 13-25.
Jahani,J.(2008). Teaching Creative Thinking for Teens: A Research-Driven Approach. New Educational Ideas, 4(3), 29-53.
Lee, V. S. (2004). Teaching and learning through inquiry: A guidebook for institutions and instructors. Stylus Pub Llc.
Levstik, L. S., Barton, K. C. (2011). Doing history: Investigating with children in elementary and middle schools. Routledge.
Kang, J., Keinonen, T. (2017). Examining factors affecting implementation of inquiry based learning in Finland and Korea. Problems of education in the 21st century, 74, 31-47.
Keyvani, M.( 2015). Necessity to pay attention to Inqury-based educational activities in the elementary period. Seminar of the National Conference on Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies.
King, N., Van der Touw, T., Spowart, L., Lawlor, C. (2016). A Scoping Study Investigating Student Perceptions towards Inquiry Based Learning in the Laboratory. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 4 (3), 305-314.
Kitavi, M. F. (2014). Impact of reflective thinking on prexchool chldrens performance in science activities in Iveti division kathiani sub country, machakos country in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation , university of Nairobi).
Kiyaninejad, S. (2013).  The Relationship between Self-efficacy Beliefs, Reflective Thinking and Academic Achievement among Students of the Self-sacrificing Families. Magazine of military psychology, 15, 76-69.
Kodivar, P., Tanha, A., Farhad, V. (2012). The Relationship between Epistemological Beliefs, Learning Approaches and Reflective Thinking with Academic Achievement. Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 251-256.
Kolahduzi, A., Kosari, M. ( 2011) . Principles and Modeling of Inqury-Based Education at Imam Hossein University (AS). Journal of Research on Islamic Education Issues, 19(12), 139-168.
Manlove, S., Lazonder, A. W., Jong, T. D. (2006). Regulative support for collaborative scientific inquiry learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22(2), 87-98.
McKinley, K. (2012). Using Problem Based Learning and Guided Inquiry in a High School Acid-base Chemistry Unit (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University).
Mäeots, M., Siiman, L., Kori, K., Pedaste, M. (2016). Relation between students' reflection levels and their inquiry learning outcomes. In 8th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies.
Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. Jossey-Bass, 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104-1310.
Mehrmohamadi, M. (2009). Curriculum Approaches and Perspectives. Tehran, Publication.
Mehrinjad, A., Sharifi, H. (2005). Investigating the effectiveness of teaching in problem solving and evaluation based on research indicators in the development of research morale. Educational innovations, 4(14), 9-37.
Motlagh, M., Charkhchi, A. (2008). A look at the barriers and shortcomings of the development of Inqury based thinking in schools as part of the Iranian educational system. Social Sciences Research, 2(1), 179-203.
Nahid, M. (2010).Introducing a Inqury based-Driven Educational System with an Employer's Approach. First National Conference on Education and Research Managers, Mashhad.
Navidi, A., Tuyserkani, R. (2014).Pattern mapping of structural relationships between classroom environment variables, progress goals, reflective thinking, and performance in math lessons. Training technology, 8(3), 183- 192. 
Prince, M. J., Felder, R. M. (2006). Inductive teaching and learning methods: Definitions, comparisons, and research bases. Journal of engineering education, 95(2), 123-138.
Pedaste, M., Sarapuu, T. (2014). Design principles for support in developing students’ transformative inquiry skills in web-based learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 22(3), 309-325.
Pedaste, M., Mäeots, M., Leijen, Ä., Sarapuu, T. (2012). Improving Students' Inquiry Skills through Reflection and Self-Regulation Scaffolds. Technology, Instruction, Cognition & Learning, 9.
Perkins, D. N. (2013). Knowledge as design. Routledge.‏ Taylor &Francis group, New York& London.
Phan, H. P. (2008). Achievement goals, the classroom environment, and reflective thinking: A conceptual framework. Electronic Journal of Research in
Rahbordar, H., Fardanesh, H.(2012). Educational electronic medical education based on a research-based interactive approach. E-learning academic journal (Media), 3(1), 51-60.
Rohana, B. (2015). The enhancement of students teacher mathematical reasoning ability through reflective learning. Journal of education and practice, 6 ( 20), 108-114.
Rodgers, C. (2002). Defining reflection: Another look at John Dewey and reflective thinking. Teachers college record, 104(4), 842-866.‏
Sabah, S., Rashtchi, M. (2016). Analysis of the implementation of reflective activities on critical thinking ability of Iranian English teachers. Monthly Research Articles, 7(7), 1-21.
Saranche, M., Mactabi, GH., Haliyakhchali, A. (2014). The causal  relationship between personality traits and academic burnout by mediating academic self-efficacy and perceived academic stress in students. Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 5(17), 75-92.
Sezer, R. (2008). Integration of critical thinking skills into elementary school teacher education courses in mathematics. Education-Indianapolis Then Chula Vista, 128(3), 349.
Schmoelz, A., Swertz, C., Forstner, A., Barberi, A.(2014). Does Artificial Tutoring Foster Inquiry Based Learning. Science Education International, 25 (1), 123-129.
Schwab, J. J. (2013). The practical: a language for curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 45(5), 591-621.
 Shojanuri, F., Tohidi, M., Shokri, F. (2012). Comparative Comparison of Samaritan Education Method with Inqury-Based Learning. Cultural Engineering, 7(71),118-128.
Spronken-Smith, R., Angelo, T., Matthews, H., O’Steen, B., Robertson, J. (2007). How effective is inquiry-based learning in linking teaching and research. In An International Colloquium on International Policies and Practices for Academic Enquiry, Marwell, Winchester, UK.‏
Taggart, G. L., Wilson, A. P. (1999). Promoting Reflective Thinking in Teachers: 44 Action Strategies. Quality Assurance in Education, 7(2), 119-120.
Tanha, Z., Kodivar, P., Farzad, V. (2012). The Study of the Relationship between Epistemological Beliefs, Learning Approaches and Reflective Thinking with Academic Achievement. Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 251-256.
Vatankhah, S., Samani, S. (2016). The Relationship between the Dimensions of Perfectionism and the Goals of Progress with the Intermediate Role of Achievement Motivation in Professional Athletes. Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 7(242), 103-126.