Study of antecedents and outcomes of workaholism in the high school male teachers

Abbasi Hajari, Hashem; Neissi, Abdolkazem

doi:10.30495/jpmm.2021.26731.3262

Study of antecedents and outcomes of workaholism in the high school male teachers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran

² Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

10.30495/jpmm.2021.26731.3262

Abstract

Introduction & Aim: The aim of this study is to design and evaluate the structural model of the important precedents and outcomes of workaholism among the male teachers teaching in the high schools of Abadan. The existing variables in such a model include precedents such as perfectionism, the quality of life, and anxiety and the outcomes resuling from workaholism consist of features like aggression, physical symptoms, and sleep disorders.

Materials & Methods: The present research is of descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of this study consists of 210 male Teachers teaching in Abadan high schools in academic years 2018-2019. The high school male teachers are all selected through systematic random sampling. To collect the required data, many reliable questionnaires including the following ones have been used: Ahvaz Perfectionism Questionnaire (1999), WHO Quality of life Questionnaire (1991), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1990), Libano et al.̓s Workaholism Questionnaire (2010), Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992), Powell and Enright Physical Symptom Questionnaire (1991) and petersburg Sleep Quality Index (1989).

Findings: This is why the suggested model is finally supported and approved by removing and modifying the non-meaningful directions. This study also approved that workaholism direction has positive and significant impactst on sleep disorders.

Conclusion: Considering the confirmation of a significant relationship between the antecedents and consequences of job addiction in teachers in this study, it is suggested that managers identify teachers who show a strong desire to work and examine the extent of job addiction to work within their organization.

Keywords

20.1001.1.22285516.1400.12.44.8.5

Main Subjects

Psychological Models and Methods

References

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2. Seifollahi, N., Hasanzadeh, T. Investigating the effect of attachment style on workaholism and engagement at work. Journal of School Psychology, 2018; 7(3): 104-120. (Persian)

3. Jonaabadi, H., Azizinezhad, B. Structural Modeling The Effect of Quality of Work Life on the Addiction to the Work of Faculty Members of the University. Journal of Research in Educational Science, 2017; 10(35): 101-116 (Persian)

4. Spagnoli P, Haynes NJ, Kovalchuk LS, Clark MA, Buono C, Balducci C. Workload, workaholism, and job performance: Uncovering their complex relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(18):6536-20.

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7. Spence JT, Robbins AS. Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of personality assessment. 1992;58(1):160-78.

8. Balducci C, Spagnoli P, Clark M. Advancing Workaholism Research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(24): 9435.

9. Loscalzo Y, Giannini M. What type of worker are you? Work-Related Inventory (WI-10): a comprehensive instrument for the measurement of workaholism. Work. 2019;62(3):383-92.

10. Ornek OK, Kolac N. Quality of life in employee with workaholism. In occupational health, [Online First], Occupational Health; 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95353. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/quality-of-life-in-employee-with-workaholism

11. Shabani Bahar Gh, Mahmoudian Z. Determining the relationship between workaholism and burnout of physical education teachers in Kermanshah. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 2012;8(16):85-49.

12. Stoeber J, Davis CR, Townley J. Perfectionism and workaholism in employees: The role of work motivation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2013;55(7):733-8.

13. Mehrabi, H., Azimi, M. The study of the relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction among the students of Gonabad Payam Noor University. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2016; 18(Special Issue): 582-585.

14. Moradi T, Azizi Finiyeh A, Maqaminejad F. Quality of work life of nurses working in Kashan hospitals. National Conference on Strategies for Improving the Quality of Nursing and Midwifery Services, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd; 2014. (Persian)

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16. Alipoor R, Ebrahimi A, Omidi R, Hedayati A, Ranjbar H, Hosseinpour S. Depression, anxiety, stress and related demographic variables in nurses of Valiasr hospital in Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2015;13(4):51-9.‏ (Persian)

17. Rahimi F, Varnaseri A. The relationship between workaholism and workplace aggressive behavior: Mediating role of job-related emotions. Iran Occupational Health. 2018;15(4), 73-83. (Persian)

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19. Nourian Aghdam J, Almardani Some’eh S, Kazemi R. Comparison of sleep disturbance, social isolation and emotion regulation in internet addiction disorder and normal students in Ardabil City, in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2016;14(4):8-17. (Persian)

20. Isaikhani Barazandeh L. The Effect of Social Support of the Employees Welfare with Mediation of Work Addiction and Belonging. Journal of Research in Human Resources Management. 2016;8(3):83-108.

21. Abdi R, Shabani N, Javidfar S, Pak R. The relationship between perfectionism and job burnout: Mediating role of workaholism. Industrial and Organizational Psychology Studies. 2018;4(2):1-6. (Persian)

22. Ebrahimi E, Sheikh R. Improving the occupational health and work life quality of employees in the oil platforms with the analysis of workaholism effects. Human Resource Management in The Oil Industry. 2019;10(38):105-28.

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25. Schou Andreassen C, Ursin H, Eriksen HR. The relationship between strong motivation to work, “workaholism”, and health. Psychology and Health. 2007;22(5):615-29.

26. Taris TW, Schaufeli WB, Verhoeven LC. Workaholism in the Netherlands: Measurement and implications for job strain and work–nonwork conflict. Applied Psychology. 2005;54(1):37-60.

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28. Rio J. Motivation and excitement. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi (1999). (2nd edition). Tehran: Editing Publishing Institute; 2001. (Persian)

29. Najarian B, Attari VA, Zargar Y. Construction and Validation of a Test for the Measurement of Perfectionism. Journal of Psychological Achievements. 1999;6(2):43-58.

30. Rezaei M, Aflakseir A, Mohammadi N, Yavari AH, Ghayour M. Study of the perfectionism role and Body Mass Index in prediction of eating disorders with mediating the role of body dissatisfaction among female students of university. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;14(3):223-34.

31. Azizi Ahmadi, M. The relationship between life skills and secondary school students’ viewpoints from khorram abad teachers. Police knowledge of Lorestan Province Applied Research Office –Lorestan Police, 2019; 7(26): 91-104. (Persian)

32. Ghasemi SR, Rjabi Gilan N, Reshadat S. The survey of health-related quality of life in Kermanshah rural women and some related factors. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;23(109):173-81.

33. Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O'Connell KA. The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of life Research. 2004;13(2):299-310.

34. Nejat SA, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad KA, Majdzadeh SR. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2006;4(4):1-2.

35. Beck AT, Steer RA. Beck anxiety inventory manual. San Anto: Psychological Corporation; 1990.

36. Kavianiya H, Mousavi AS. Psychometric properties of beck anxiety questionnaire in age and sex categories of Iranian population. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008;66(2):140-136. (Persian)

37. Mohammadi Sh, Babapour T, AlipourF. The role of identity styles and personality factors in predicting marital conflicts in couples. Journal of Counseling Research. 2014;13(49):127-145. (Persian)

38. Del Líbano M, Llorens S, Salanova M, Schaufeli W. Validity of a Brief Workaholism Scale. Psicothema. 2010;22(1):143-50

39. Sayadi M, Arbabi Serjo A, Salimi S. Investigating the relationship between work addiction and organizational pessimism and organizational sound (case study of Islamic Azad university of Zahedan Branch Staff). The Second National Conference on Basic Research in Management and Accounting, Tehran; 2019. (Persian)

40. Buss AH, Perry M. The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;63(3):452-459.

41. Pooravari M, Habibi M, Salehi S, Pouravari M. Investigation the Psychometric Properties of Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire: In Non-Clinical Group. Journal of Personality & Individual Differences. 2017;5(14):101-22. (Persian)

42. Powell T, Enright S. Anxiety and stress management. London: Rout ledge; 1991.

43. Ghorbani F, Khosravani V, Ardakani RJ, Alvani A, Akbari H. The mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between alexithymia and physical symptoms: Evidence from Iranian asthmatic patients. Psychiatry Research. 2017; 247:144-51.

44. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry research. 1989;28(2):193-213.

45. Heidari, Alireza, Ehteshamzadeh, Parvin, Marashi, Mandana. Relationship between insomnia severity, sleep quality, drowsiness and health disorders with academic performance in girls. Scientific Journal of Women and Culture, 2010; 2 (4): 65-76. (Persian)

46. Abdkhodaei M, Mehram B, Izanloo Z. Investigating the relationship between the dimensions of perfectionism and latent anxiety in students. Clinical Psychology and Counseling Research. 2011;1(1):58-47. (Persian)

47. Savari K. The simple & multiple-relationship psychological hardiness & perfectionism with mental health among of payam-Noor of Bandar Imam students. Research in School and Virtual Learning. 2012;1(1):48-57. (Persian)

48. Ghadampour E, Moradizadeh S, Shahkarami M. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Increasing Happiness and Improving Quality of Life in Elderly. Aging Psychology. 2018;4(1):27-38.

49. Morgan G. Images of organization. London: Sage Publications; 2006.

50. Abbasi M, Darghahi S, Rahmati M, Mohammadi M, Pirani Z. The effects of workaholism and perfectionism on marital stress and social skills in nurses. Journal of Health and Care. 2017;19(1):50-61.

51. Chambers R, Lo BC, Allen NB. The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive therapy and research. 2008;32(3):303-22.

52. Baron R, Byrne D, Burnscomb N. Social psychology. Translated by Yousef Karimi (2018). Tehran: Ravan Publications; 2006. (Persian)

53. Khosravi Danesh M, Mazloumi A, Zahraei S, Foroushani AR. Representing teachers' job characteristics and their subsequent outcomes by utilizing job demands-resources model (JD-R). Journal Of Health and Safety at Work. 2017;7(3):181-90.

54. Sayadi Turanlu H, Sepehri S, Dezkizad R. Analysis of the relationship between work addiction and life satisfaction (Case Study of Female Teachers in Yazd). Women and Family Studies. 2017;10(37):134-107. (Persian)

55. Schmidt RE, Courvoisier DS, Cullati S, Kraehenmann R, Linden MV. Too imperfect to fall asleep: perfectionism, pre-sleep counterfactual processing, and insomnia. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9:1288-1299.

Study of antecedents and outcomes of workaholism in the high school male teachers

References

1. Mazaheri H. The role of the teacher in society. Journal of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards, 1997, No. 185. (Persian)

2. Seifollahi, N., Hasanzadeh, T. Investigating the effect of attachment style on workaholism and engagement at work. Journal of School Psychology, 2018; 7(3): 104-120. (Persian)

3. Jonaabadi, H., Azizinezhad, B. Structural Modeling The Effect of Quality of Work Life on the Addiction to the Work of Faculty Members of the University. Journal of Research in Educational Science, 2017; 10(35): 101-116 (Persian)

4. Spagnoli P, Haynes NJ, Kovalchuk LS, Clark MA, Buono C, Balducci C. Workload, workaholism, and job performance: Uncovering their complex relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(18):6536-20.

5. Ansari MA, Qomushi F, Khalili Sh. Work addiction. The First International Conference on New Paradigms of Business and Organizational Intelligence Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran; 2016. (Persian)

6. Ariapooran S. Sleep problems and depression in Iranian nurses: The predictive role of workaholism. Iranian journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2019;24(1):30.

7. Spence JT, Robbins AS. Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of personality assessment. 1992;58(1):160-78.

8. Balducci C, Spagnoli P, Clark M. Advancing Workaholism Research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(24): 9435.

9. Loscalzo Y, Giannini M. What type of worker are you? Work-Related Inventory (WI-10): a comprehensive instrument for the measurement of workaholism. Work. 2019;62(3):383-92.

10. Ornek OK, Kolac N. Quality of life in employee with workaholism. In occupational health, [Online First], Occupational Health; 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95353. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/quality-of-life-in-employee-with-workaholism

11. Shabani Bahar Gh, Mahmoudian Z. Determining the relationship between workaholism and burnout of physical education teachers in Kermanshah. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 2012;8(16):85-49.

12. Stoeber J, Davis CR, Townley J. Perfectionism and workaholism in employees: The role of work motivation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2013;55(7):733-8.

13. Mehrabi, H., Azimi, M. The study of the relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction among the students of Gonabad Payam Noor University. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2016; 18(Special Issue): 582-585.

14. Moradi T, Azizi Finiyeh A, Maqaminejad F. Quality of work life of nurses working in Kashan hospitals. National Conference on Strategies for Improving the Quality of Nursing and Midwifery Services, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd; 2014. (Persian)

15. Azevedo WF, Mathias LA. Work addiction and quality of life: a study with physicians. Einstein (São Paulo). 2017;15(2):130-5.

16. Alipoor R, Ebrahimi A, Omidi R, Hedayati A, Ranjbar H, Hosseinpour S. Depression, anxiety, stress and related demographic variables in nurses of Valiasr hospital in Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2015;13(4):51-9.‏ (Persian)

17. Rahimi F, Varnaseri A. The relationship between workaholism and workplace aggressive behavior: Mediating role of job-related emotions. Iran Occupational Health. 2018;15(4), 73-83. (Persian)

18. Askari A, Nouri A. Investigating the Relationship between Workaholic and Dimensions of General Health in the Employees of an Organization in Isfahan. Iran Occupational Health. 2011;8(2):14-0.

19. Nourian Aghdam J, Almardani Some’eh S, Kazemi R. Comparison of sleep disturbance, social isolation and emotion regulation in internet addiction disorder and normal students in Ardabil City, in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2016;14(4):8-17. (Persian)

20. Isaikhani Barazandeh L. The Effect of Social Support of the Employees Welfare with Mediation of Work Addiction and Belonging. Journal of Research in Human Resources Management. 2016;8(3):83-108.

21. Abdi R, Shabani N, Javidfar S, Pak R. The relationship between perfectionism and job burnout: Mediating role of workaholism. Industrial and Organizational Psychology Studies. 2018;4(2):1-6. (Persian)

22. Ebrahimi E, Sheikh R. Improving the occupational health and work life quality of employees in the oil platforms with the analysis of workaholism effects. Human Resource Management in The Oil Industry. 2019;10(38):105-28.

23. Jenaabadi H, Nejad BA, Abadi FS, Haghi R, Hojatinasab M. Relationship of workaholism with stress and job burnout of elementary school teachers. Health. 2016;8: 1-8.

24. Akram U, Gardani M, Riemann D, Akram A, Allen SF, Lazuras L, Johann AF. Dysfunctional sleep-related cognition and anxiety mediate the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and insomnia symptoms. Cognitive processing. 2020;21(1):141-8.

25. Schou Andreassen C, Ursin H, Eriksen HR. The relationship between strong motivation to work, “workaholism”, and health. Psychology and Health. 2007;22(5):615-29.

26. Taris TW, Schaufeli WB, Verhoeven LC. Workaholism in the Netherlands: Measurement and implications for job strain and work–nonwork conflict. Applied Psychology. 2005;54(1):37-60.

27. Kubota K, Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Takahashi M. Workaholism and sleep quality among Japanese employees: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;21(1):66-76.

28. Rio J. Motivation and excitement. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi (1999). (2nd edition). Tehran: Editing Publishing Institute; 2001. (Persian)

29. Najarian B, Attari VA, Zargar Y. Construction and Validation of a Test for the Measurement of Perfectionism. Journal of Psychological Achievements. 1999;6(2):43-58.

31. Azizi Ahmadi, M. The relationship between life skills and secondary school students’ viewpoints from khorram abad teachers. Police knowledge of Lorestan Province Applied Research Office –Lorestan Police, 2019; 7(26): 91-104. (Persian)

32. Ghasemi SR, Rjabi Gilan N, Reshadat S. The survey of health-related quality of life in Kermanshah rural women and some related factors. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;23(109):173-81.

33. Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O'Connell KA. The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of life Research. 2004;13(2):299-310.

34. Nejat SA, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad KA, Majdzadeh SR. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2006;4(4):1-2.

35. Beck AT, Steer RA. Beck anxiety inventory manual. San Anto: Psychological Corporation; 1990.

36. Kavianiya H, Mousavi AS. Psychometric properties of beck anxiety questionnaire in age and sex categories of Iranian population. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008;66(2):140-136. (Persian)

37. Mohammadi Sh, Babapour T, AlipourF. The role of identity styles and personality factors in predicting marital conflicts in couples. Journal of Counseling Research. 2014;13(49):127-145. (Persian)

38. Del Líbano M, Llorens S, Salanova M, Schaufeli W. Validity of a Brief Workaholism Scale. Psicothema. 2010;22(1):143-50

40. Buss AH, Perry M. The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;63(3):452-459.

41. Pooravari M, Habibi M, Salehi S, Pouravari M. Investigation the Psychometric Properties of Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire: In Non-Clinical Group. Journal of Personality & Individual Differences. 2017;5(14):101-22. (Persian)

42. Powell T, Enright S. Anxiety and stress management. London: Rout ledge; 1991.

43. Ghorbani F, Khosravani V, Ardakani RJ, Alvani A, Akbari H. The mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between alexithymia and physical symptoms: Evidence from Iranian asthmatic patients. Psychiatry Research. 2017; 247:144-51.

44. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry research. 1989;28(2):193-213.

45. Heidari, Alireza, Ehteshamzadeh, Parvin, Marashi, Mandana. Relationship between insomnia severity, sleep quality, drowsiness and health disorders with academic performance in girls. Scientific Journal of Women and Culture, 2010; 2 (4): 65-76. (Persian)

46. Abdkhodaei M, Mehram B, Izanloo Z. Investigating the relationship between the dimensions of perfectionism and latent anxiety in students. Clinical Psychology and Counseling Research. 2011;1(1):58-47. (Persian)

47. Savari K. The simple & multiple-relationship psychological hardiness & perfectionism with mental health among of payam-Noor of Bandar Imam students. Research in School and Virtual Learning. 2012;1(1):48-57. (Persian)

48. Ghadampour E, Moradizadeh S, Shahkarami M. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Increasing Happiness and Improving Quality of Life in Elderly. Aging Psychology. 2018;4(1):27-38.

49. Morgan G. Images of organization. London: Sage Publications; 2006.

50. Abbasi M, Darghahi S, Rahmati M, Mohammadi M, Pirani Z. The effects of workaholism and perfectionism on marital stress and social skills in nurses. Journal of Health and Care. 2017;19(1):50-61.

51. Chambers R, Lo BC, Allen NB. The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive therapy and research. 2008;32(3):303-22.

52. Baron R, Byrne D, Burnscomb N. Social psychology. Translated by Yousef Karimi (2018). Tehran: Ravan Publications; 2006. (Persian)

53. Khosravi Danesh M, Mazloumi A, Zahraei S, Foroushani AR. Representing teachers' job characteristics and their subsequent outcomes by utilizing job demands-resources model (JD-R). Journal Of Health and Safety at Work. 2017;7(3):181-90.

54. Sayadi Turanlu H, Sepehri S, Dezkizad R. Analysis of the relationship between work addiction and life satisfaction (Case Study of Female Teachers in Yazd). Women and Family Studies. 2017;10(37):134-107. (Persian)

55. Schmidt RE, Courvoisier DS, Cullati S, Kraehenmann R, Linden MV. Too imperfect to fall asleep: perfectionism, pre-sleep counterfactual processing, and insomnia. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9:1288-1299.

Volume 12, Issue 44October 2021Pages 105-120

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Volume 12, Issue 44
October 2021
Pages 105-120