Investigating the mediating role of self-knowledge processes in the relationship between repression (self-deception and other-deception) and the divorce tendency in men and women seeking divorce

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• akram pouzad ¹
• Samaneh Najarpourian ²
• Moosa Javdan ²
• Abdolvahab Samavi ³
• MehdiReza Sarafraz ⁴

¹ Ph.D Student in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas

² Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

³ Associate Professor, Department of Educational Scienses, Research Center of Educational and Behavioral Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Shiraz, shiraz, Iran.

10.30495/jpmm.2022.28956.3488

Abstract

Title: Investigating the mediating role of Self-knowledge processes in the relationship between repression (self-deception and other-deception) and the divorce tendency in men and women seeking divorce. Introduction: this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self- Knowledge processes in the relationship between repression (self-deception and other-deception) and the divorce tendency in men and women seeking divorce. Methods: The statistical population of the present study included all people seeking divorce who referred to the Welfare Organization of Bandar Abbas. The sample size was determined by the multistage random sampling method and based on the research assumptions of structural equations of 380 people. In this study, six were used to collect data. Findings: The results of the analysis of the main research hypotheses showed that there is a significant relationship between repression and the divorce tendency Also, among the self-regulatory processes, only the relationship between divorce tendency and compassion was confirmed, and the results showed that the relationship between repression and self-control, cohesive self-knowledge and compassion was also statistically confirmed. Finally, the fit index showed that in the whole sample, the model has an acceptable fit with the data. Overall, the findings showed that repression directly affects the divorce tendency in individuals seeking divorce, and indirect effects showed that the only repression affects the tendency for divorce through compassion. Conclusion: By examining self-cognitive processes as predictors of divorce and the role of these factors, the self-efficacy of divorce management in couples increased.

Keywords

• self-knowledge processes
• repression (self-deception and other-deception)
• divorce tendency
• divorce

20.1001.1.22285516.1400.12.46.3.4

---

References

1- Agahheris, M., Ezzati, K., Dousti, A., & Pallooji, A. (2019). Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Training on Modifying Self and Other-Deception among Females with Irrational Beliefs. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences. J; 1: 6(2):10-8. [https://doi.org/10.22037/ ijabs.v6i2.24004]

2- Arocho R. (2021). Changes in expectations to marry and to divorce across the transition to adulthood. Emerging Adulthood. 9(3):217-28. [https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F2167696819879008].

3- Barger, S.D., Kircher, J.C., & Croyle, R.T. (1997). The effects of social context and defensiveness on the physiological responses of repressive copers. Journal of personality and social psychology. 73(5):1118. [https://psycnet.apa.org/doi /10.1037/0022-3514.73.5.1118]

4- Baumeister, R.F., Gailliot, M., DeWall, C.N., & Oaten, M. (2006). Self‐regulation and personality: How interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. Journal of personality. 74(6):1773-802. [https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1467-6494.2006.00428.x]

5- Behjati, Z., Saeedi, Z., Noorbala, F., Enjedani, E., & Meybodi, F.A. (2011). Integrative self-knowledge and mental health. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 1: 30:705-8. [https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.137]

6- Brown, K.W., Ryan, R.M., & Creswell, J.D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological inquiry. 19:18(4):211-37. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298]

7- Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology. 84(4):822. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822]

8- Codd, J., & Myers, L. B. A. (2009). study of coping style and ethnic differences in ratings of self and personal risk. Unpublished dissertation, Brunel University. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 08870440008400301]

9- Davis, Penelope J. (1990). Repression and the inaccessibility of emotional memories.

10- Davoodi, Z., Etemadi, A.; Bahrami, F., & and Shah Siah, M. (2011). The effect of short-term solution-oriented couple therapy approach on marital adjustment in men and women prone to divorce in Isfahan. Journal of Principles of Mental Health. )3( 190-199.[in persion]

11- Derakshan, N., Eysenck, M.W., & Myers, L.B. (2007). Emotional information processing in repressors: The vigilance–avoidance theory. Cognition and Emotion. Dec 1; 21(8):1585-614. [https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02699930701499857]

12- Geraerts, E., Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M., & Smeets, E. (2006). Long term consequences of suppression of intrusive anxious thoughts and repressive coping. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1:44(10):1451-60. [https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.brat.2005.11.001]

13- Geraerts, E., Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M., & Smeets, E. (2006). Long term consequences of suppression of intrusive anxious thoughts and repressive coping. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1: 44(10):1451-60. [ https://doi.org/10.1016/j. brat.2005.11.001]

14- Geraerts, E. (2012). Cognitive underpinnings of recovered memories of childhood abuse. True and False Recovered Memories. 175-91.

15- Barger, S.D., Kircher, J.C., & Croyle, R.T. (1997). The effects of social context and defensiveness on the physiological responses of repressive copers. Journal of personality and social psychology. 73(5):1118. [https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/ 10.1037/0022-3514.73.5.1118]

16- Ghorbani, N., Bing, M.N., Watson, P.J., Davison, H.K., & LeBreton, D.L. (2003). Individualist and collectivist values: Evidence of compatibility in Iran and the United States. Personality and Individual Differences. 1: 35(2):431-47. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869 (02)00205-2]

17- Ghorbani, N., Cunningham, C.J., & Watson, P.J. (2010). Comparative analysis of integrative self‐knowledge, mindfulness, and private self‐consciousness in predicting responses to stress in Iran. International Journal of Psychology. 45(2):147-54. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590903473768]

18- Ghorbani, N., Mousavi, A., Watson, P.J., & Chen, Z. (2011). Integrative self-knowledge and the harmony of purpose model in Iranian autoimmune patients. Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology. 7(2):1-8.

19- Ghorbani, N., Watson, P.J., Farhadi, M., & Chen, Z. (2014). A multi‐process model of self‐regulation: Influences of mindfulness, integrative self‐knowledge and self‐control in Iran. International Journal of Psychology. Apr;49 (2):115-22. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12033]

20- Ghorbani, N., Watson, P.J., & Hargis, M.B. (2008). Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale: Correlations and incremental validity of a cross-cultural measure developed in Iran and the United States. The Journal of Psychology. 1:1 42(4):395-412. [https://doi.org/10.3200/JRPL.142.4 .395-412]

21- Ghorbani, N., Watson, P.J., Shamohammadi, K., & Cunningham, C.J. (2009). Post-critical beliefs in Iran: Predicting religious and psychological functioning. InResearch in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 20, 1. Pp: 151-194. Brill. [https://doi.org /10.1163/ej.9789004175624.i-334.50]

22- Ghorbani, N. (2016). From the line to conflict triangle. Tehran publishing. [In Persian].

23- Gross, J.J., & John, O.P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology. 85(2):348. [https://psycnet. apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348]

24- Gross, James J. (2014). "Emotion regulation: conceptual and empirical foundations. Pp: 3–20. The Guilford Press.

25- Kayser K, Rao SS. Process of disaffection in relationship breakdown. InHandbook of divorce and relationship dissolution 2013; 19. Pp: 217-238. Psychology Press.

26- Leary, M.R., Allen, A.B., & Terry, M.L. (2011). Managing social images in naturalistic versus laboratory settings: Implications for understanding and studying self‐presentation. European Journal of Social Psychology. 41(4):411-21. [ https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.813]

27- Lynch, T.R., Robins, C.J., & Morse, J.Q. (2001). Couple functioning in depression: The roles of sociotropy and autonomy. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 57(1):93-103. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10226]

28- Maloney, P.W., Grawitch, M.J., &7 Barber, L.K. (2012). The multi-factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Discriminant validity of restraint and impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality. 1:46(1):111-5. [https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.001]

29- Mazzarantani, J. (2011). The divorce survival guide: What you need to know to protect your emotional and financial security. Miami: Jules Mazzarantani PLLC.

30- Mousavi, A., Ghorbani, N. (2006). Self-criticism, self-knowledge and mental health. Journal of psychological studies. 2 (4). 2006:75-93.

31- Myer, L. B. (2010). The importance of the repressive coping style. findings from 30 years of research. Anxiety, Stress & Coping 23: 3e17. [doi: 10.1080/ 10615800903366945]

32- Myers, L.B., Burns, J.W., Derakshan, N., Elfant, E., Eysenck, M.W., & Phipps, S. (2008). Current issues in repressive coping and health. In Vingerhoets A J, Nyklíˇcek I, Denollet J. (Eds.), Emotion regulation.  Conceptual and clinical issues. 69–86. [New York: Springer. [https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-0-387-29986-0_5]

33- Myers, L.B., & McKenna, F.P. (1996). The colour naming of socially threatening words. Personality and Individual Differences.; 1: 20(6):801-3. [https://doi.org/10. 1016/0191-8869(96) 00019-0]

34- Myers, L.B., & Reynolds, D. (2000). How optimistic are repressors? The relationship between repressive coping, controllability, self-esteem and comparative optimism for health-related events. Psychology and Health. 1; 15(5):677-87. [https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440008405479]

35- Neff, K.D., & Germer, C.K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology. 69(1):28-44. [https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923]

36- Neff, K.D. (2011). Self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Social and personality psychology compass. 5(1):1-2. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x]

37- Neff, K.D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity.1: 2(3):223-50. [DOI: 10.1080/15298860390209035]

38- Neff, K.D. (2009). The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human development. 52(4):211. [doi: 10.1159/000215071]

39- Newton, T. L., & Contrada, R. J. (1992). Repressive coping and verbal autonomic response dissociation: The influence of social context. Journal of personality and social psychology. 62: 159- 167.

40- Omidbeiki, M., Khalili, SH., Gholamali Lavasani, M., & Ghorbani, N. (2014). The Relationship between Mindfulness and Integrative Self - Knowledge with Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Psychology, 18 (Autumn) 327-341. [https://www.magiran. com/paper/1319970?lang=en]

41- Pascal, A., Christine, A., & Jean, L. (2008). Development and validation of the Cognitive Inventory of Subjective Distress. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23: 1175-1182

42- Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K.D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion scale. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 18(3):250-5. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702]

43- Saeedi, Z., Ghorbani, N., Sarafraz, M.R., & Shoar, T.K. (2020). A bias of self‐reports among repressors: Examining the evidence for the validity of self‐relevant and health‐relevant personal reports. International Journal of Psychology. 55(1):76-82. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12560]

44- Sarafraz, M.R., Ghorbani, N., Watson, P.J., & Chen, Z. (2014). Interaction of self knowledge and selfcontrol. Unpublished manuscript. Self and Identity. 2, 223-250.

45- Surbey, M.K. (2011). Adaptive significance of low levels of self-deception and cooperation in depression. Evolution and Human Behavior. 1: 32(1):29-40. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.08.009]

46- Surbey, M.K. (2011). Adaptive significance of low levels of self-deception and cooperation in depression. Evolution and Human Behavior. 1:32(1):29-40. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.08]

47- Tahmasb, A.M., Ghorbani, N., & Watson, P.J. (2008). Relationships between self-and peer-reported integrative self-knowledge and the big five factors in Iran. Current Psychology. 27(3):169-76.

48- Tamagawa, R., Moss‐Morris, R., Martin, A., Robinson, E., & Booth, R.J. (2013). Dispositional emotion coping styles and physiological responses to expressive writing. British journal of health psychology. 18(3):574-92.

49- Tangney, J.P., & Baumeister, R.F. (2004). Boone AL. High self‐control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of personality. 72(2):271-324.[ https://doi. org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x]

50- Tate, B. (2008). A longitudinal study of the relationships among self-monitoring, authentic leadership, and perceptions of leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 15(1):16-29. [https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1548051808318002]

51- Trivers, R. (2000). The elements of a scientific theory of self‐deception. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 907(1):114-31.

52- Vogt, D.S., & Colvin, C.R. (2005). Assessment of accurate self-knowledge. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1:84(3):239-51. [https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15327752jpa8403_03]

53- Von Hippel, W., & Trivers, R. (2011). The evolution and psychology of self-deception. Behavioral and brain sciences. 1: 34(1):1. [doi:10.1017/S0140525X10001354]

54- Weinberger, D.A., & Schwartz, G.E. (1990). Distress and restraint as superordinate dimensions of self‐reported adjustment: A typological perspective. Journal of personality. 58(2):381-417. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00235.x]

55- Weinberger, D. A. (1990). The construct validity of the repressive coping style. In J. L. Singer (Ed), Repression and dissociation: Implication for personality theory, psychopathology, and health. Pp: 337-386. Chicago: University of Chicago press.

56- Yang, Y., Zhang, M., & Kou, Y. (2016). Self-compassion and life satisfaction: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences. 1:98:91-5. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.086]

57- Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self‐compassion and well‐being: A meta‐analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being. 7(3):340-64. [https://doi.org/ 10.1111/aphw.12051]