The effectiveness of play therapy on attention deficit in students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and students with learning disabilities in the first period elementary school of Jam city

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Sousan Karimian ¹
• Majid Barzegar ²

¹ PhD Student in Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, , Islamic Azad University Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran.

10.30495/jpmm.2022.29735.3572

Abstract

Introduction & Objective: Most behavioral maladaptations and disorders in adolescence and adulthood are caused by ignoring the emotional-behavioral issues and problems of childhood and not guiding the developmental process of the child. The aim of this study was the effectiveness of play therapy on attention deficit in students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and students with learning disabilities in the first period elementary school of Jam city. Method: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test, post-test with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all first grade elementary students in the city of Jam in the academic year 2021-2022. Statistical samples of 51 people were purposefully divided equally between experimental and control groups. The instruments used were the Connors Teacher Form Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (CADHDQ) Questionnaire (1990) and the Springer et al Protocol (2012) and Mohammad Ismail (2008). Discussion: The results showed that play therapy was effective on attention deficit in students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and students with learning disabilities and the observed difference compared to the control group was statistically significant (p <0.01). Conclusion: According to the research results, it can be stated that by equipping education counseling clinics with playrooms, therapy and play therapy, a step can be taken to reduce the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in hyperactive children.

Keywords

• effectiveness
• play therapy
• attention deficit
• learning disabilities

20.1001.1.22285516.1401.13.48.4.6

---

References

[[1]] White, E., Zippel, J., & Kumar, S. (2020). The effect of equine-assisted therapies on behavioral, psychological and physical symptoms for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 39, 101-105.

[2]Asli Azad, M., Faramarzi, S., Arefi, M., Farhadi, T., Fekar, A. (2015). The effect of metacognitive knowledge training on reducing hyperactivity and increasing attention of primary school children with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. Cognitive Science News, 16 (1), 57-49. [In Persian]

[3]Keute, M., Krauel, K., Heinze, H., & Stenner, M. (2018). Intact automatic motor inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cortex, 109, 215-225.

[4]Bussing, R., Mason, D. M., Bell, L., Porter, P., & Garvan, C. (2015). Adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse community sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(6), 595-605.

[5]Sadouk, B. J., Sadouk, Alcott V., Ruiz, P. (2015). Summary of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences / Clinical Psychiatry. Translated by F. Rezaei (2016). Tehran: Arjmand Publications.  

[6]Thomas, R., Sanders, S., Doust, J., Beller, E., & Glasziou, P. (2015). Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135(4), 994-1001.

[7]Fabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Coles, E. K., Gnagy, E. M., Chronis-Tuscano, A., & O'Connor, B. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Psychol Rev, 29(2), 129-140.

[8]Alaghband-Rad J, Moemeni F. (2000). The Association Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Learning Disorder in Boys Aged 7-12 Years Old.. IJPCP. 2000; 6 (2 and 3) :32-37. [In Persian] 

[9]Amiri, M., Molly, G., Nesayan, A., Hejazi, M., Asadi Gandmani, R. (2018). The effect of behavior management training to mothers on the symptoms of the disorder and aggressive behaviors of children with coping disobedience. Rehabilitation, 18 (2), 97-84. [In Persian] 

[10]Abbasloo, F. (2021). The effect of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on academic achievement and self-esteem of students with special learning disabilities. Journal of Scientific Researchers, 18 (4), 1-8. [In Persian]

[11]Faizullahi, J., Sadeghirial, M., Rezaei, F. (2021). The effect of cognitive-behavioral play therapy and its combination with parental management training on the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children aged 7-11 years: a quasi-experimental study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 19 (2), 172-155. [In Persian]

[[1]2]Palmer, C. G., Boudreault, P., Berman, B. A., Wolfson, A., Duarte, L., Venne, V. L., et al. (2017). Bilingual approach to online cancer genetics education for deaf American Sign Language users produces greater knowledge and confidence than English text only: A randomized study. Disability and Health Journal, 10(1), 23-32.

[[1]3]Lin, Y. W., & Bratton S. C. (2015). A meta-analytic review of child-centered play therapy approaches. Journal of Counseling & Development, 93(1), 45-58.

[[1]4]Rezaei Sharif, A., Hajloo, N., Haghgoy, T., Moradi, M. (2016). The effectiveness of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach in improving the performance of mathematics and reading of students with disability and dyslexia. Learning Disabilities, 5 (3), 70-54. [In Persian]

[[1]5]Delavar, A. (2012). Research Methods in Psychology and Educational Sciences. Tehran: Virayesh Publications. [In Persian]

[[1]6]Mohammad Ismail, E. (2008). Play Therapy. Tehran: Danjeh Publications. [In Persian]  

[[1]7]Hosseinzadeh, M.(2021). The effectiveness of cognitive play therapy on the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity in primary school boys in Tabriz. Journal of Modern Psychological Research, 16 (61), 190-177. [In Persian]

[[1]8]Zinali, Sh., Rezazadeh, R. (2021). The effectiveness of play therapy sand on the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Developmental Psychology, 9 (5), 134-127. [In Persian]

[[1]9]Hashemi, M., Bani Jamali, Sh. S., Khosravi, Z. (2018). Comparison of the effect of ecosystemic play therapy and short-term play therapy on reducing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 8 (31), 52-31. [In Persian]

[20]Niknasab, F., Hemayattalab, R., Sheikh, M., & Houmaniyan, D. (2016). The effectiveness of play therapy on symptoms of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. IJSS, 6(6), 350-358. [In Persian]

[2[1]]Bayat, F., Rezaei, A.M., Behnam, B. (2019). Comparison of the effectiveness of play therapy and storytelling on the improvement of students' attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder syndrome. Journal of Qom University of Medical Sciences, 12 (8), 68-59. [In Persian]

[22]Goodarzi, Sh. (2015). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on improving attention and working memory in students with learning disabilities. Conference on Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy, Roodehen Azad University. [In Persian]

[23]Mir Shafiei, B. Z., Mahdifar, M., Salari, Z. (2015). The effect of play therapy on increasing visual and auditory concentration in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Fourth National Conference on Counseling and Mental Health, Quchan. [In Persian]

[24] Bakhshaish, A.R., Mir Hosseini, R.S.(2015). The effectiveness of play therapy on reducing the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and improving children's academic performance. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 22 (6), 13-1. [In Persian]

[25]Rey, D., Bratton, S., Rhine, T., & Jones, L. (2001). The effectiveness of play therapy: Responding to the critics. International Journal of Play Therapy, 10, 85-108.

[26]Stulmaker, H. L., & Ray, D. C. (2015). Child-centered play therapy with young children who are anxious: A controlled trial. Children and Youth Services Review, 57(4), 27-33.

[27]Janatian, S., Nouri, A., Shafti, S.A., Molavi, H., Samavatian, H. (2008). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on the severity of ADHD symptoms in 9-11 year old male students with ADHD. Behavioral Science Research, 6 (2), 10-1.

[28]Arshadi, F., Sohrabi, N. (2021). The effectiveness of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach on the symptoms of ADHD in Shiraz. First National Conference on Mental Pathology, Ardabil. [In Persian]

[29]Hasnabadi, S., Mohammadi, M. R., Ahqhar, Gh. (2012). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication on reducing the symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Disability Studies, 1 (2), 30-19. [In Persian]  

[30]Shahrakipour, Z., Farnam, A., Shahrakipour, A. (2021). The effectiveness of group play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach on behavioral disorders of female first grade elementary school students. Journal of Recent Advances in Behavioral Sciences, 6 (54), 13-28. [In Persian]  

[31]Robinson, A., Simpson, C., & Hott, B. L. (2017). The effects of child-centered play therapy on the behavioral performance of three first grade students with ADHD. International Journal of Play Therapy, 26(2), 73-80.

[32]Azadmanesh, P., Khanzadeh, A. A., Hakim Javadi, M., Watankhah, M. (2018). The effectiveness of puppet play therapy on aggression in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Urmia Medicine, 28 (2), 90-83. [In Persian]

[33]Ghadmapour, E., Shahbazi Rad, A., Mohammadi, F., Abbasi, M. (2015). The effectiveness of unprotected play therapy on reducing behavioral disorders in preschool children. Educational Psychology, 38 (11), 127-114. [In Persian]

[34]Ghorbani Ashin, Y., Talebi, Gh.R., Jahandar, B., Rabbanizadeh, M. (2015). The effectiveness of play therapy on reducing the symptoms of ADHD and attention deficit in primary school children. Development of Jundishapur Education, 7, 58-53. [In Persian]

[35]Conner, D. F. (2002). Preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of prevalence, diagnosis, neurobiology, and stimulant treatment. Dev Behav Pediatr, 23(1), 41-59.

[36]Amouzadeh, F., Shetab Bushehri, S. N., Mahdipour, A. R. (2013). The effect of selected primary school games on the development of mobility skills of male students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Yafteh, 55, 92-85. [In Persian]

[37]Mangina, C. A., & Beuzeron-Mangina, J. H. (2004). Brain plasticity following
psychophysiological treatment in learning disabled ADHD pre-adolescents. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 52, 129-146.