The Effectiveness of the Metaphor Therapy and the Forgiveness Therapy on Women's Divorce Adjustment

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• M Dehghan Menshadi
• E Zareei
• M Asgari
• Gh Naziri

Abstract

    The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of two therapy based on excitement, forgiveness therapy and metaphor therapy on woman^'s divorce adjustment. The statistical population, was all divorced Shiraz women in 94-95. 60 people were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument used was Fisher adjustment after divorce scale. For analysis findings, covariance was used. Finding demonstrated the effectiveness of both treatments group fitness. Although there are differences in some sub-components. Metaphor Therapy have been effective on improvement of self-worth, abandonment, bereavement and social self-worth clients. Forgiveness therapy have been effective in improvement of self-worth, abandonment, anger and grief clients. And post-test was significantly difference between the three groups of forgiveness therapy, metaphor therapy and control. Innovation: no research wasn’t found in compare this two treatment in the divorced women sample. So these two methods can be used to increase the compatibility of divorce on women

Keywords

• Metaphor
• forgiveness
• Divorced
• Adjustment

20.1001.1.22285516.1396.8.27.3.8

Main Subjects

• Psychological Models and Methods

---

References

- Allah rabi, M., & Sohrabi, N. (1395). Psychometric indices of lifestyle scale. Journal Management System,7(26),121-137.

- Akhvan tafti, M.(2003). Consequences of divorce in transition. Journal of Women's Studies,1(3),125-150.

- Ariapooran, S., Amirimanesh, M., & Aslani, J. (2014). The Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in Divorced Women: Predictive Role of Forgiveness, Social Support and Resilience. Journal of Family Counseling & Psychotherapy, 3(3),332-353.

- Sharif, M., Bahrami, F., & Fatehizadeh, M. (2013). The effectiveness of the integrated approach in Isfahan divorced mothers on their compatibility. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture, 3(11), 21-41.

- Balali, T. (2002). The study of predictors of post divorce adjustment in divorced women in Isfahan. Family Counseling master's thesis, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan

.

- Hamedi, R., & Kaviani, H. (2004). The relationship between metaphors and depressed mood. New cognitive science, 21, 22:45-50.

- Hatami, P. (2010). Factors affecting social health of students, with an emphasis on social networking sites, thesis work, Allameh Tabatabaei University.

- Khojastemehr, R., Afshari, F., & Rajabi, G. (2011). effectiveness of forgiveness therapy on the adjustment divorced women. Women's Studies,10(1), 60-37.

- Zarei, F., Merghati, E., Taghdisi, M.H., solhi, M., Nejat, S., Shojaeezade, D., Rajaati, F., & Rahmani, A. (2012). divorced from the perspective of a divorced woman qualitative study. Journal of Research in Science health, 2, 3234-247.

- Soltani, A. (2010). Evaluate the effectiveness of couple therapy focused on emotional adjustment, devotion and forgiveness married martyris child. Master's thesis, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University.

- Soltani, B., & Fazel, F. (2015). Persuasive discourse of social, political, change attitudes and inculcate and consolidate socio-political. literary criticism, 8( 31), 114-91.

- Salimi bejestani, H., Shafi Abadi, A., Sedaghat, A., & Ahmadi, KH. (2012). Compare the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring counseling Adler and allegory based on student mental health. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 6(3), 237-244.

- Shirinkar, V., Namdari, K., Jamilian, H., & Abedi, A. (2015). Giving effect of group therapy based on symptoms of depression and rumination women with depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, (22) 6, 85-103.

- Talebzadeh Shoshtari, H., Ahadi, H., Mazaheri, M., manifestations, M.A., & Talebi, H. (2013). Masnavi-based metaphor to examine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in reducing depression. Journal of Social Development,7(4).

- Alizadehfard, S., Ahadi, H., Ashayeri, H., & Eskandari, H. (2012). Effect of bilingual's metaphor for memory, language studies, 6, 51-68.

- Issazadegan, A. (2006). Check semantic processing emotional information and the role of metaphor in the treatment of neurosis among people with depression compared with those with the trait figure in extraversion. Ph.D. thesis, University of Allameh Tlatbayy, Tehran.

- Issazadegan, A. (2008). Use of metaphor in counseling and psychotherapy: strategies and measures. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Consulting. 7(26):75-106.

- Faramarzi, S., Asgari, K., Taghavi, F. (2012). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the rate of high school students with abnormal grief. Research in Behavioral Sciences, (10) 5, 373-382.

- GHotbi, M., Holakouee Naini, K., Jazayeri, A., & Rahimi, A. (2004). Causes of divorce and divorced people living in the area of e-government. social welfare (women's Pathology), 3 (12), 271-286.

- GHamari Givi, H., mohebi, Z., & Sadeghi, M. (2015). The effectiveness of forgiveness and the forgiveness therapy in reducing aggression in young boys Correction and Rehabilitation Center in Tehran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23(96), 163-168.

- Nateghian, S., Mollazade, J., Goudarzi, M.A., & Rahimi, CH. (2008). Forgiveness and marital satisfaction in men with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the war and their wives. Quarterly Fundamentals of Mental Health,10(37), 46-33.

- Nazari, A.M., & Ahmadian, A. (2015). Schema allegorical effectiveness in women with symptoms of dysthymia after the divorce. Journal of women research,1(9).

- Naziri Q. (2003). The application and effectiveness of metaphors in the process of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Psychology doctoral thesis, Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran.

- Yarmahamadyan, A., Reihani, F., & GHaderi, Z. (1391). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Defense Mechanisms in Divorcing and Normal couples. Journal Management System, 2(7),61-47.

- Baskin T; & Enirght R. (2004), Intervention studies on forgiveness: a Meta – analysis. Journal of counseling; Development; vol, 82.1,p79.12p.

- Blenkiron, P. (2011). Stories and analogies in cognitive behaviour therapy. John Wiley & Sons.

- Christensen, M. (1993). Exercises in Metaphor: Identification of Self. Reading Improvement, 30(3), 189-91.

- Ferraro, R., Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2011). Our possessions, our selves: Domains of self-worth and the possession–self link. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(2), 169-177.

- Hartford, G. (2011). Practical implications for the development of applied metaphor in adventure therapy. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 11(2), 145-160.

- Hoskins, M., & Leseho, J. (1996). Changing metaphors of the self: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74(3), 243-252.

- Lawler-Row, K. A., Karremans, J. C., & Edwards, L. (2008). Forgiveness, physiological reactivity and health: The role of anger. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68(1), 51–58.

- Mark, Ch., (2007). Exercises in Metaphor: Identification of Self. www. Exercises in MetaphorIdentification of Self.htm. (ERIC Home).

- McCarr, C., & Wolchik, Sh., (2015). Marital Status, Divorce, and Child Development, Arizona State University, USA evier Ltd. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Volume 14

- Natalio, L. R. (2014). Positive psychological characteristics and interpersonal forgiveness: Identifying the unique contribution of emotional intelligence abilities, Big Five traits, gratitude and optimism. Personality and Individual Differences, 68,199–204.

- Orbon, M., Mercado, J., & Balila, J. (2015). Effects of forgiveness therapy on recovery among residents of drug rehabilitation centers, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 165 , 12 – 20.

- Orth, U., Berking, M., & Znoj, H. (2008). Forgiveness and psychological adjustment following interpersonal transgressions: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(2),365–385.

- Park, J. H., Enright, R. D., & Klatt, J. S. (2013). Forgiveness intervention for female South Korean adolescent aggressive victims. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 268–276.

- Recine, A. C. (2015). Designing Forgiveness Interventions Guidance From Five Meta-Analyses. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 33(2), 161-167.

- Rohde-Brown, J., & Rudestam, K. E. (2011). The role of forgiveness in divorce adjustment and the impact of affect. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 52(2), 109-124.

- Rye, M. S; Loiacono, D. M; Folk, C. D; Olszewski, B. T;Heim, T.A & Madia, B. P, (2001). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales.Current Psychology: Development. Learning. Personality, 20,260- 277.

- Steiner, L. M., Durand, S., Groves, D., & Rozzell, C. (2015). Effect of Infidelity, Initiator Status, and Spiritual Well-Being on Men’s Divorce Adjustment. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 56(2), 95-108.